Grafting became a common practice in vituculture after the phylloxera epidemic. Grape phylloxera was introduced in Europe in 1862 through the importation of rooted vines from North America. The pest lead to the complete destruction of the vineyards in southern France at the end of the nineteenth century. It spread at a rate of approximately 12.5 miles a year. Within 20 years, grape phylloxera had killed virtually every vine in France. Biological control of phylloxera was first suggested by Laliman. It was the first to introduce grafting the susceptible varieties to the resistant American species.

This became a very popular idea and eventually lead to the chaotic period (1880-1930). During this time, nurseries offered a confusing and disorderly assortment of rootstocks. The use of incorrect rootstocks led to many problems, such as lime-induced chlorosis. Following this time, many studies were conducted on rootstocks. Even with all of the information that is now available, the choice of a rootstock is not that simple. The complex interactions between soil type, depth, physical and chemical properties, pests, diseases, water availability, and environmental factors must be taken into account. Therefore, on-site evaluation is imperative.

The NorthWest Berry & Grape Information Network provides useful information for finding the right rootstock for you.