Genocides
and Ethnic Cleansings of Central and East Europe, the Former USSR,
the Caucasus and Adjacent Middle East -- 1890 - 2007
Scope Note: Genocides from the late 19th Century
to the Present, including World War I, World War II, and the Post
War era which occurred in Europe, The Middle East, the former Russian
Empire and the former USSR. The page has two sections:
VICTIMS
and PERPETRATORS
of genocide or genocide-like activities.
VICTIMS
OF GENOCIDE, ATTEMPTED GENOCIDE, AND GENOCIDE-LIKE ACTIVITES
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INDEX FOR VICTIMS
OF GENOCIDES, ETHNIC CLEANSINGS, ETC.
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| Genocides,
Holocaust, and Ethnic Cleansings - General Sites |
Georgians
by Abkhazians in Abhazian Republic of Georgia (1991- to date) |
*** |
| *** |
Germans
in Poland, East Prussia, & Czechoslovakia (1945 - 1991) |
Palestinians
of Former Palestine (1920 to date) |
| Abkhazians
by Georgians (1991- to date) |
*** |
Poles
by Germans or Ukrainian Insurgents (1939-1945) |
| Albanians
in Kosovo & Macedonia (1991- to date) |
Greeks
of Asia Minor (1915-1925) |
Poles
by Russians & Other Soviets (1939-1945) |
| Armenian
Genocide by Turks (1890-1923) |
Homosexuals
in Nazi Germany (1933-1945) |
*** |
| Armenians
in Nagorno-Karabakh, Nakhichevan, & Azerbaijan by Azeris |
Hungarians
in Transcarpathia (1944-1990) |
Roma
or Gypsy Genocide (1933-1945) |
| Azeris
in Nagorno-Karabakh & Armenia by Armenians |
Iraqis
in Iraq (1958-2003) |
Russians
& Others by Bolsheviks/Communists (1917-1991) |
| Assyrian
Genocide (In Turkey and Iraq) (1890-1933) |
Italians
in Trieste, Istria, & Dalmatia by Titoists (1945-1954) |
Russians,
Ukrainians, Jews, & Others in the USSR by Germans (1939-1945) |
| *** |
*** |
*** |
| Baltic
Peoples (Estonians, Latvians, & Lithuanians) by Soviets
(1939-1991) |
Jehovah's
Witnesses in Nazi Germany (1933-1945) |
Serbs
& Roma in Kosovo by Albanians (1991- to date) |
| Belarusians
by Stalinists (1937-1991) |
Jewish
Holocaust (1933-1945) |
Slovene
Deportations to Nazi Germany (1941-1945) |
| Bosnians-Muslims,
Serbs, & Croats in Bosnia by Each Other (1991- to date) |
*** |
*** |
| *** |
Karelians
& Finns in Former Finnish Karelia (1939-to date) &
Other Finno-Ugric Peoples (1551 to date) |
*** |
| Chechens
in the Russian Federation |
Kurds
of Kurdistan (1920 to date) |
Ukrainian
Forced Famine (Great Famine) by Stalinists (1932-1933) |
| Circassians
in 19th Century Russian Empire |
*** |
Ukrainians
by Stalinist Forces (1939-1991) |
| Crimean
Tatars (1944-1991) |
Lemkos,
Rusyns, & Ukrainians in Poland (1945-1990) |
Volga
Germans in the USSR (1939-1991) |
| Croatians
by Titoists & Other Yugoslavs (1941-1945) |
*** |
*** |
| *** |
Meskhetian
Turks/Georgians of USSR/Georgia (1944-to date) |
Yugoslavs
by Croatians (1941-1945) |
| East
Central & Eastern European Countries Residents (1944-1990) |
Muslims
from Former Areas of Ottoman Empire & of Russian Empire
(1800-1923) |
Yugoslavs
by Albanians & Others (1941-1945) |
| *** |
Native
Peoples in the Baltic Sea Area |
*** |
| *** |
North
Caucasus Peoples, Incl. Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars,
& Karachai (1939-1991) |
*** |
| General
Genocides, Holocaust, and Ethnic Cleansing sites |
|
General Sites Affirming the Holocaust
and Other Genocides and Ethnic Cleansings
|
|
- The
Holocaust. From TeacherNet. The World War Two genocides
of the Nazi Germans and the Soviet Union.
- A
Teacher's Guide to the HOLOCAUST. From Florida Center
for Instructional Technology. Includes links to Victims
- Perpetrators - Bystanders - Resisters - Rescuers - Liberators
- Survivors.
- Web Genocide
Documentation Centre. Resources on Genocide, War Crimes,
and Mass Killings.
- Yad
Vashem - The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance
Authority. Their About the Central Database of Shoah Victim' Names. Link to the Database.
- remember.org- A Cybrary of the Holocaust.
- The Nizkor Project.
Dedicated to the 12 million Holocaust victims who suffered
and died at the hands of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi regime.
- The Simon Wiesenthal
Center. Their Museum
of Tolerance Online - Multimedia Learning Center.
- holocaust.lap.hu.
[Hungarian Holocaust site].
- The Legacy Project.
"Our site is a gathering place for people interested
in the enduring legacies of the many violent traumas of
the 20th century."
- Holocaust Pictures and Stories - Non-Jewish Holocaust - The Forgotten Holocaust. Examines the genocide of 5,000,000
non-Jewish Nazi and Soviet victims of ethnic, national,
or religious violence.
- Literature
of the Holocaust. By Al Filreis.
- Books
- [Armenian] Genocide. From Welcome
to Abril Books Armenian Bookstore.
In
Memory Of The 50 Million Victims Of The Orthodox Christian
Holocaust. By Father Demetrios.
- The
Turkish Crime[s] of Our Century.
- Armenian, Assyrian,
and Hellenic Genocide News.
- STATISTICS
OF DEMOCIDE: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900 By
R.J. Rummel. Online version of his book... Chapter 5. Turkey's
Ethnic Purges; Chapter 7. Poland's Ethnic Cleansing; and
Chapter 9. Tito's Slaughterhouse. His Links
to Material on Democracy, Democide, and War.
- Holocaust Victim
Assets Litigation. This is the official information
website for the Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation against
Swiss Banks and other Swiss Entities.
- Perspectives
On Genocide. California State University, Chico - Page
for SOCI/CMST 156.
- Convention
on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide;
December 9, 1948. From The
Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
- How Many Died?
A Summary of Stalin’s Victims. By Jonathan DeMersseman.
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Back to Index
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General Sites Denying or Revising the
Holocaust and Other Genocides and Ethnic Cleansings
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Back to Index
Specific
National, Ethnic, or Religious Genocides/Cleansings
The
Armenian Genocide (1890 - 1923).
| General Introductory Sites |
| Modern Day Issues of the Genocide |
|
Affirming or Acknowledging the
Genocide - In Part or in Whole
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INTERNATIONAL/OTHER PRESENTATION
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International Scholars, Organizations,
etc., AFFIRMING the Genocide
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International Scholars, Organizations,
and Individuals DENYING the Genocide
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- The
Population of the Ottoman Armenians - By Justin McCarthy.
HTML
Version.
- Justin
McCarthy: 'Turkey should use propaganda against Armenian
allegations'.
- Professor
McCarthy: Armenian genocide is British propaganda.
- Presentation
made by Prof. Justin McCarthy (Seminar on Turkish-Armenian
Relations Organized by the Democratic Principles Association
15 March 2001 /Istanbul).
- Death
and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922
by Justin McCarthy. [Book notice and reviews].
- Welcome to
Stanford J. Shaw's Webpage.
- History
of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform,
Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808-1975.
[Book notice and reviews].
- Strings
on Foreign Aid Trouble Colleges.
- Ivory
Tower.
- The Heath Lowry
Affair.
- Professional
Ethics and the Denial of Armenian Genocide. By Roger
G. Smith. An article concerning Heath Lowry that appeared
in Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 9, Number 1, Spring
1995, pages 1-22.
- University
professor quits post under fire - School says rotation of
chairmanship 'normal'.
- The
Discrediting of Dr. Heath Lowry. From Tall
Armenian Tale - The Other Side of the Falsified Genocide.
By holdwater@dbzmail.com.
- Revisiting
the Armenian Genocide by Guenter Lewy - Middle East
Quarterly Fall 2005. Levy's conclusion: "The three
pillars of the Armenian claim to classify World War I deaths
as genocide fail to substantiate the charge that the Young
Turk regime intentionally organized the massacres. Other
alleged evidence for a premeditated plan of annihilation
fares no better". Guenter Lewy is professor emeritus
of political science, University of Massachusetts, and the
author of The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed
Genocide (University of Utah Press, 2005).
- Genocide of Azerbaijanis.
[Contains some links to the 1915 Turkish Genocide of the
Armenians from the Turkish-Azeri perspective.]
- An
Armenian and Muslim Tragedy? Yes! Genocide? No! By Bruce
Fein. Another
site.
- Mocking
the Victims.
- Tall Armenian
Tale - The Other Side of the Falsified Genocide. By
holdwater@dbzmail.com.
- Selected
Bibliography on Denial of the Armenian Genocide.
- St. John Press.
Publisher of Samuel A. Weems. Sample future title: "Armenia
- The Great Deception - Secrets of a 'Christian' Terrorist
State".
|
| Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation Commission & Other
Joint Armenian-Turkish Initiatives |
Back to Index
The
Assyrian Genocide (1910 - 1923 in Turkey; 1918 - 1933 in Iraq).
[Also before 1910 and after 1933].
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ASSYRIAN AND INTERNATIONAL PRESENTATION
- Genocides Against
the Assyrian Nation. Detailing Assyrian Genocides from
612 B.C. - 1999 A. D.
- Yakup
Hidirsah Massacre of Christians (Syriacs, Nestorians, Chaldeans,
Armenians) in Mesopotamia and Kurds. A Documentary Study
- HANNOVER 1997
- The Assyrian
Holocaust - From Atour:
The State of Assyria.
- An
Appeal from Mar. Eshai Shimun XXI, Catholicos Patriarch
of the Assyrians to all the Christian Churches. Delivered
September 20, 1933 in Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Parliament of Kurdistan in Exile - Brussels, Belgium -
Press
Release #1 April 23, 1995 Regarding the Assyrian and Armenian
Genocides of 1915.
- “Not
only the Armenians but also the Suryani have been massacred”.
From Pontian
and Asia Minor Holocaust Research Unit. Another site
- Not only the Armenians but also the Suryani(Assyrians)
have been massacred.
-
Holy war made in Germany: New light on the Holocaust against
the Christian Assyrians during World War I. By Dr. Gabriele
Yonan.
- Yakup
Hidirsah Massacre of Christians (Syriacs, Nestorians,
Chaldeans, Armenians) In Mesopotamia and Kurds.
- 1900-1999
A.D. Assyrian History Archives.
- Historical
Timeline From 1915 to the 1958 Iraqi Revolution - Assyrians,
The Province of Mosul (Nineveh) and the League of Nations.
- Assyrian Human
Rights Report.
- A
Report on the Assyrian Youth Federation Seminar in Sweden;
and Assyro-Chaldeans of France Commemorate the Martyrs of
1915.
- Assyrian
Genocide/Seyfo - Sabri Atman - 4th of April - Amsterdam.
April 4, 2004.
- The
Genocide of the Armenians, Assyrians and Greeks. Conference
held on the 26th of April 2002 at at the Residential Palace
in Brussels, Belgium. [Note Assyrian author Sabri Atman's
comments on Ottoman Empire population and religious diversity
in 1914 (in the area of present-day Republic of Turkey specifically?)].
- Turkey
Should Recognize the Assyrian Genocide 1915. Lecture
of Sabri Atman an Assyrian author, on June 22-2004, in Den
Haag, The Netherlands.
- Turkije,
EU en Assyriërs.
- The
Assyrian exodus seen through the eyes of a Russian writer.
[Excerpt from the novel Sentimental Journey by the Russian
writer Viktor
Shklovsky].
TURKISH PRESENTATION
|
Back to Index
The Hellenes [Greeks]
of Thrace, Asia Minor and Pontus Genocide (1915 - 1925).
Back to Index
The Ukrainian Forced-Famine
(Great Famine) (1932 - 1933).
| Ukrainian Famine-Genocide Deniers/Revisionists-Related
Pages |
|
Back to Index
The Jewish Holocaust
(1933 - 1945).
|
General Halocaust Sites
The Nazi Germany Role
The Role of Nazi Germany, Including Possible
Assistance from Nazi Germany's Friends, Allies, Co-Belligerents,
or "Irregulars" in the Occupied Countries
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In
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
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In
Poland, Belorussia/Belarus, and Ukraine
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In
Slovakia, Carpatho-Ukraine, and Hungary
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In
Romania, Bessarabia, Transnistria, Bulgaria, Macedonia,
and Thrace
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In
Croatia, Serbia, Albania, Greece, and Adjacent Areas
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The Role of Others
|
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The Roma or Gypsy
Genocide (1933 - 1945).
Back to Index
The Jehovah's Witnesses
Genocide in Nazi Germany (1933 - 1945).
Back to Index
Homosexual Genocide
in Nazi Germany (1933 - 1945).
"HOMOSEXUALS WERE A PERSECUTED MINORITY IN THIRD
REICH GERMANY" PRESENTATION
"TOP NAZI LEADERS AND ACTIVISTS INCLUDED HOMOSEXUALS
WHO PERSECUTED OTHERS IN THIRD REICH GERMANY" PRESENTATION
"HOMOSEXUALS IN THIRD REICH GERMANY INCLUDED THOSE
WHO PERSECUTED OTHERS AND WHO WERE ALSO AMONG THOSE PERSECUTED"
PRESENTATION
|
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Other Victims of Genocide or Genocide-Like Activities in Nazi-Occupied
Europe (1938 - 1945).
Yugoslavs (Primarily
of Serbs, but also Romany [Gypsies] and Jews, by Croatians) (1941
- 1945)
CROATIAN, INCLUDING CROATIAN USTAŠA, PRESENTATION
|
Back to Index
Slovene Involuntary
Deportations to Third Reich Germany (1941-1945)[Slovene nationals
deported to Germany and Austria for Forced Labor]
Back to Index
Yugoslavs (Primarily
of Serbs by Albanians and other Muslims in Bosnia, Southern Serbia,
Kosovo, and Macedonia) (1941 - 1945)
Back to Index
Russians, Ukrainians,
Jews and Other Residents of the USSR. (1939 - 1945).
Back to Index
Poles (by German
or Ukrainian Insurgents) (1939
- 1945).
Back to Index
Victims
of Genocide or Genocide-Like Activities in Soviet-Occupied
Europe and in the USSR (1939 - 1991).
General Information.
Back to Index
Ukrainians (1939
- 1945).
Back to Index
Belarusians (Belorussians;
White Russians) (1937 - 1945).
Back to Index
Poles (By Russians
or other Soviet Nationals) (1939 - 1945).
Back to Index
Baltic Peoples (Estonians,
Latvians, and Lithuanians) (1939 - 1991).
Back to Index
Volga Germans (1939
- 1991). [And on-going].
Back to Index
Crimean Tatars (1939
- 1991). [And on-going].
Back to Index
North Caucasus Peoples,
including Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, and Karachai. (1939
- 1991).
Back to Index
Meskhetian Turks
(1939 - 1991).
[And on-going].
Back to Index
Armenians
in Nagorno-Karabakh, Nakhichevan, and Azerbaijan by Azeris, and Azeris
in Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia by Armenians [ca. 1900-2001 AD - These
Ethnic Cleansings predated, were concurrent with, and postdated these
people's and republics' membership in the USSR]
Back to Index
Victims
of Other Genocides or Genocide-Like Activities --Including
Expulsions or Departures of Peoples from their Homelands due to
the Outcome of Wars or Political Changes in (Former) Multinational
Empires/Homelands (Includes "Ethnic Cleansing"), and Communist
Repression.
| Native Peoples
in the Baltic Area Over the Centuries. Including Prussians and
others. |
Back to Index
Circassians in the
19th Century [Against the Circassian Nation
by Tsarist Russia]
Back to Index
Other Muslims from
Newly Independent Countries Formerly Part of the Ottoman Empire
and from Lands Aquired by Imperial Russian Conquest. [Including
Circassians, Turks,] [1800
to 1923]
Back to Index
Russians and Other Soviet Citizens Under the Bolsheviks and Communists
(1917-1991) [Finno-Ugric Peoples of the Russian Empire,
the USSR, and the Russian Federation appear here]
Back to Index
Residents of the East
Central and Eastern European Countries 1944-1990
Back to Index
Germans in Poland, East
Prussia, and Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland).
Back to Index
Lemkos, Rusyns, Ukrainians,
and Others in Poland, Including Akcja Wisla (Operation Vistula)
Victims
Back to Index
Hungarians in Transcarpathia
Back to Index
Karelians and Finns from
Former Finnish Karelia (1939 to date)
Back to Index
The Mari People of the
Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation (1551
to date) [More
on the Mari and the Republic of Mari-El Here] [Other Finno-Ugric
minority groups included here temporaily]
Back to Index
Croatians by Titoists
and Other Yugoslavs (1941 - 1947)
Back to Index
Italians and Others by
Titoists in Trieste, Istria, Dalmatia (1945-194?)
Back to Index
The Palestinians of Former
Palestine.
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PALESTINIAN PRESENTATION
ISRAELI OR JEWISH PRESENTATION
|
Back to Index
The Kurds of Kurdistan
in Southeast Turkey and Northern Iraq.
Back to Index
Bosnian-Muslims,
Serbs, and Croats in Bosnia (and adjacent areas of Croatia and Serbia)
[Serbs against Bosnian-Muslims and Croats; Croats against Serbs and
Bosnian-Muslims; and Bosnian-Muslims against Serbs and Croats].
|
GENERAL PRESENTATIONS
BOSNIAN-MUSLIM PRESENTATION
CROATIAN PRESENTATION
SERBIAN PRESENTATION
- Bombing
of Serbian Shrines.
Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva [The Serbian Orthodox
Church].
- SPIRITUAL
GENOCIDE - A survey of destroyed, damaged and desecrated
churches, monasteries and other church buildings during
the war 1991–1995 (1997).
[On the destruction of Serbian Orthodox churches,
shrines, and edifices in Croatia and Bosnia].
|
Back to Index
Albanians
in Kosovo by Serbs and Albanians in Macedonia by Macedonians.
Back to Index
Serbs and Roma in Kosovo
by Albanians
Back to Index
Chechens in the Chechen
Republic of the Russian Federation.
Back to Index
Georgians in the Abkhazian
Republic of Georgia
Back to Index
Abhazians in Georgia.
Back to Index
Iraqis in Iraq.
Back to Index
PERPETRATORS
OF GENOCIDE, ATTEMPTED GENOCIDE, AND GENOCIDE-LIKE ACTIVITIES,
General
sites Related to the Perpetrators and their Activities
Back to Index
Specific
Perpetrators of National, Ethnic, or Religious Genocides
Hungarians of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Back to Index
The Ottoman Turkish State
and its Agents - Ottoman Empire political and military leaders, Kurdish
bandits, thugs, and other irregulars, and leaders of the early Republic
of Turkey successor state, and, by Their Continuing Denial, Current
Republic of Turkey Authorities. [Against Armenians,
Assyrian Christians, Greeks, and other Christian minorities in the
first quarter of the 20th century].
Back to Index
Nazi Germany and Nazi
leaders. [Against Jews, Poles, and many others in
countries and areas occupied by the Nazi war machine].
Back to Index
The Stalinist USSR regime.
[Against essentially everyone inside the country and
everyone else they came in contact with outside the country].
Back to Index
Czechs and Slovaks in
reconstituted post World War II Czechoslovakia [Against
Sudeten Germans and other Germans].
Back to Index
Poles in reconstituted
post World War II Poland [Against Ukrainians, Lemkos,
Germans, Masurians, Jews].
Back to Index
Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian-Muslims
in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Neighboring Areas of Croatia and Serbia.
[Each group against the other two].
Back to Index
Serbs in Kosovo. [Against
Albanians].
Back to Index
Albanians in Kosovo.
[Against Serbs, Montenegrins, and Roma].
Back to Index
The Republic of Turkey
[Against Kurds].
Back to Index
The Republic of Iraq
[Against Kurds].
Back to Index
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General Sites Related
to Wars
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Other Sites Related to Wars
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