Screen Printing is the process of forcing ink through a porous opening in a stencil. Primitive cultures cut holes in banana leaves to create stencils, medieval artisans screen printed playing cards, and during the first World War, industry adopted the process to print signs and illustrations. Modern day stencils are typically adhered to screens made of plastic or metal fibers which is why "silk screen" is misnomer.

Process of Screen Printing:

Step 1: Produce a Set of Posterization Postives
I produced two enlarger-made posterization positives in the darkroom using orthochromatic (lith film). I first made a test strip to determine the correct exposure times that would "separate" the tones into a workable set of two posterization positives. Using the times I determined from my test strips, I then exposed a set of posterization positives directly onto lith film and processed then in lith developer.

Step 2: Prepare a Photographic Stencil
I prepared a photographic stencil and screen for printing the posterization positives. First, I applied a mesh degreaser to the screen, and then rinsed the screen after a few minutes. Then, I adhered a piece of capillary direct stencil material to the screen. After the stencil dried in a light tight area, I carefully peeled the clear film base off the capillary direct stencil. Next, I exposed the clear positives onto the film for four minutes using the Nu-Arc-flip-top platemaker. Then I lightly scrubbed the film to wash out the image areas.

Step 3: Screen Print a 2-Color Job in Tight Register
First, I masked the screen using butcher paper and masking tape. Then I mounted the frame in hinges on the "backboard". I adhered 2 registration tabs to the backboard to locate where to set my paper. Then, I printed my first color, which was a dark brown to 10 sheets of Bristol Board. I changed my color to a lighter brown and printed ten additional sheets. To apply the black color, I had to prepare another mask and adhere more registration tabs around my second image area and then printed the black onto the 10 sheets of dark brown and ten sheets of lighter brown.


Masked Screen with Ink

Step 4: Removing Capillary Direct Stencil (Screen Reclaiming)
To remove the stencil, I used CPS Stencil Remover and let it sit for a few minutes. Rinsing with hot water, I scrubbed lightly back and forth until the stencil was removed and no more clogs where apparent.

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